电子采购(electronic procurement) (也称为e采购(e procurement))利用互联网使企业采购物品和服务变得更加容易、快捷且更便宜。电子采购可以带来多种益处:交易收益、合规收益、管理信息收益以及价格收益。交易收益衡量的是电子采购所带来的交易效率提升的益处(例如，开发票与支付的时间间隔缩短)。合规收益关注的是遵守所建立的采购政策而带来的节约。管理信息收益包括实施电子采购后管理信息、顾客满意以及供应商满意水平所带来的好处。价格收益是指采用电子采购所带来的价格方面的节约。例如，发票的电子化处理能够节省大量的邮资和信笺等方面的费用，而这部分节约也能够传递给买方。
Electronic Procurement (electronic procurement) (also known as e procurement (e procurement)) uses the Internet to make it easier, faster, and cheaper for businesses to purchase goods and services.Electronic procurement can offer a variety of benefits: transaction gains, compliance gains, management information gains, and price gains.Transaction gains measure the benefits of increased transaction efficiency (e. g., the shortened interval between invoicing and payments).Compliance benefits focus on the savings resulting from compliance with the established procurement policies.Management information revenue includes the benefits of management information, customer satisfaction and supplier satisfaction level.Price gain refers to the price savings caused by the adoption of electronic procurement.For example, the electronic processing of invoices can save a lot of postage and letterhead costs, and this savings can also be passed on to the buyer.
电子采购也存在一些重要 的缺陷。对一般的电子商务而言，尤其是电子采购，其中一个顾虑就是被传送的信息的安全，也就是存在敏感或私人信息被盗或被泄露的风险。另一个顾虑是电子采购没有人情味，人与人之间的互动被机器间的互动所取代。另外，尽管对电子采购的潜在益处有天花乱坠的宣传，但一项研究发现只有大约25%的被调查企业命令使用电子采购。这项研究还发现，在具备使用电子采购工具所要求的技能和知识等方面用户信心明显下降。
There are also some important defects in electronic procurement.For general e-commerce, especially electronic procurement, one of the concerns is the security of the information being transmitted, that is, the risk of sensitive or private information being stolen or leaked.Another concern is that electronic procurement is unhuman and human interaction is replaced by interactions between machines.Also, despite the hype about the potential benefits of electronic procurement, one study found that only about 25% of the surveyed companies ordered it to use it.The study also found a significant decrease in user confidence in having the skills and knowledge required to use electronic procurement tools.
电子采购大大促进了在线逆向拍卖活动的发展。你可能熟悉传统的拍卖，在那里多个买家竞标一个特定的产品，产品最后卖给出价最高的投标人。而相反，在逆向拍卖中，一个买家邀请多个卖家投标，出价最低的卖家通常会赢得该业务。随着逆向拍卖的发展，逆向拍卖的一些决定因素也在变化。例如在一些情况下买家可以豁免去接受最低的投标，而在其他一些情况下买家也可以不必接受任何一个投标。
Electronic procurement has greatly promoted the development of online reverse auction activities.You may be familiar with traditional auctions where multiple buyers bid for a particular product and the product is finally sold to the highest bidder.Instead, in a reverse auction, a buyer invites multiple sellers to bid, and the seller with the lowest bid usually wins the business.As reverse auctions develop, some determinants of reverse auctions also change.For example, in some cases the buyer is exempt from accepting the lowest bid, and in some other cases the buyer can not have to accept any one.
买方往往喜欢逆向拍卖，因为他们的目标是获得低的采购价格，而且逆向拍卖的在线特性使得买方能够很快打探到一个卖方的低价格。相反，卖方则对逆向拍卖表示谴责，因为逆向拍卖主要强调的是低价格。然而，逆向拍卖也可以给卖方提供有价值的信息，例如其他投标人的数目。在某种意义上这可能非常重要，因为大量的投标人很可能导致很大的价格竞争。
Buys tend to prefer reverse auctions because they aim to get low purchase prices, and the online nature of reverse auctions allows buyers to quickly probe into a seller's low price.Instead, the seller condemned the reverse auction, which mainly focused on low prices.However, a reverse auction can also provide sellers with valuable information, such as the number of other bidders.In a sense this can be very important because the large number of bidders are likely to cause great price competition.
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